https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numeral_systemThe most commonly used system of numerals is the Hindu–Arabic numeral system.[1] Two Indian mathematicians are credited with developing it. Aryabhata of Kusumapura developed the place-value notation in the 5th century and a century later Brahmagupta introduced the symbol for zero. The numeral system and the zero concept, developed by the Hindus in India, slowly spread to other surrounding countries due to their commercial and military activities with India. The Arabs adopted and modified it. Even today, the Arabs call the numerals which they use "Raqam Al-Hind" or the Hindu numeral system. The Arabs translated Hindu texts on numerology and spread them to the western world due to their trade links with them. The Western world modified them and called them the Arabic numerals, as they learned them from the Arabs. Hence the current western numeral system is the modified version of the Hindu numeral system developed in India. It also exhibits a great similarity to the Sanskrit–Devanagari notation, which is still used in India and neighbouring Nepal.
https://www.britannica.com/science/numeral-systemVery likely the earliest system of written symbols in ancient Mesopotamia was a system of symbols for numbers. Modern numeral systems are place-value systems. That is, the value of the symbol depends upon the position or place of the symbol in the representation; for example, the 2 in 20 and 200 represents two tens and two hundreds, respectively. Most ancient systems, such as the Egyptian, Roman, Hebrew, and Greek numeral systems, did not have a positional characteristic, and this complicated arithmetical calculations. Other systems, however, including the Babylonian, one version each of the Chinese and Indian, as well as the Mayan system, did employ the principle of place value. The most commonly used numeral system is the decimal positional numeral system, the decimal referring to the use of 10 symbols—0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9—to construct all numbers. This was an invention of the Indians, perfected by medieval Islam. Two other common positional systems are used in computers and computing science—namely the binary system, with its two symbols 0, 1, and the hexadecimal system, with its 16 symbols 0, 1, 2,…, 9, A, B,…, F.
